Anaemia: Symptoms, Causes and When to See a Doctor- Overview  

Anaemia is a common blood disorder caused by low red blood cell levels or haemoglobin deficiency, leading to fatigue, weakness, and other health issues. It can result from poor nutrition, chronic illnesses, genetic conditions, or blood loss. Early diagnosis, a balanced diet, and expert medical care are essential for effective management.

Key Takeaways

Common Causes – Nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, blood loss, and genetic conditions.

Recognizable Symptoms – Fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat.

Home Management – Iron-rich foods, vitamin C intake, hydration, and regular exercise.

When to See a doctor – Persistent symptoms, severe fatigue, unexplained weight loss, or a family history of anaemia.

Expert Care at Asarfi Hospital – Advanced diagnosis and treatment for all blood-related conditions.

Introduction

Tired, fatigued and the feeling of weakness are some of the common problems in the current times with our lifestyle choices and dietary complications. Even though these issues do not signal health threats as first, they might indicate to something bigger eventually if not addressed within controllable time. 

Regular occurrence of a shortness of energy shall be taken into consideration even if you think that your diet and lifestyle is somewhat healthy. 

Anaemia is one such issues that is being widely faced by woman and children around the world. As per a report published by WHO, Prevalence of anaemia in women is 29.9% globally - of women aged 15-49 years suffered from anaemia in 2019 and Prevalence of anaemia in children

39.8% of children aged 6-59 months years suffered from anaemia in 2019.

The numbers are concerning and, in this article, today, we’ll find out the common causes, threats, symptoms of anaemia, home remedies, lifestyle choices and at what stage shall you consult the doctors if you diagnose anaemia or feel the relevant symptoms. 

Let’s start with the importance of raising awareness about anaemia prevention and treatment. 

Low haemoglobin levels reduce oxygen supply to tissues, causing fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms. 

Now that we know the basics of anaemia, let us first understand some of the common myths that circulate around this blood disorder in human body.

Common Misconceptions About Anaemia

• A common myth is that vegetarians are more prone to anaemia, but plant-based diets can provide enough iron when combined with foods that enhance absorption of the right nutrients.
• Some believe anaemic individuals should avoid sports, but activity restrictions depend on anaemia severity, heart health, and exercise intensity.
• It is commonly believed that anaemia is a blood disorder that only affects children, but it can occur at any age, especially in pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and the elderly.
• Not all anaemia is genetic—many types, like iron deficiency and B12 deficiency anaemia, are acquired due to poor diet or inflammation.
• Some assume anaemia prevents physical activity, but only severe cases cause fatigue; mild anaemia doesn’t mean exercise must be avoided entirely.
• A myth suggests untreated anaemia turns into leukaemia, but the two are unrelated—though leukaemia patients may develop anaemia due to poor blood cell production.
• Diabetes does not directly cause anaemia, though chronic disease-related anaemia can occur if the body struggles to use iron effectively.
• Anaemia isn’t always caused by a poor diet; while malnutrition is a key factor in children, adults often develop anaemia due to chronic illnesses or genetic conditions.

Types of Anaemia

Iron deficiency anaemia

Iron is essential for producing haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. When iron levels are too low, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to iron deficiency anaemia—the most common type of anaemia.

Causes:

• Insufficient iron intake from diet. 
• Blood loss due to heavy menstruation, internal bleeding (ulcers, gastritis), or surgery
• Increased iron demand during pregnancy or growth spurts in children and teenagers
• Poor absorption due to conditions like celiac disease or after gastric bypass surgery. 
• Medications, especially nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 

Symptoms:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Pale skin and brittle nails
• Shortness of breath and dizziness
• Unusual cravings for non-food items (pica), such as ice, dirt, or starch
• Irritability
• Intermittent Headache
• Muscle Cramps

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Iron rich food list

Here is a list of daily food items which is easily available in the market and most of it is already available in our households that you can take. Make a diet chart as per your choice to break the monotony and eat as per your schedule.

Vitamin deficiency anaemia

How It Happens:

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Vitamin B12 is essential for the formation of red blood cells. A lack of B12 can lead to large, immature red blood cells (megaloblasts), which cannot carry oxygen efficiently.

Folate (Vitamin B9) Deficiency: Folate is also needed to produce healthy red blood cells. A deficiency can cause similar effects as B12 deficiency, with the formation of large, ineffective red blood cells.

Vitamin deficiency anaemia can present with a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue or weakness, shortness of breath, pale or yellowish skin, headaches, cold hands and feet, a swollen, red tongue (particularly in cases of B12 deficiency), and cognitive disturbances like memory problems or difficulty concentrating (more common in cases of B12 deficiency).

Dietary Deficiency: Not getting enough of these vitamins through diet, particularly when people avoid animal products (for B12) or leafy greens (for folate).

Alcoholism: Long-term alcohol use can interfere with the absorption of these vitamins.

Poor Absorption:  Certain medical conditions, such as celiac disease,  crohn disease , or pernicious anaemia, can affect how the body absorbs B12 and folate.

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Serious consequences, such as nerve damage (in the case of a B12 deficit) or developmental problems during pregnancy (in the case of a folate deficiency), can result from vitamin deficiency anaemia if treatment is not received.

Aplastic anaemia – A rare but serious bone marrow disorder.

Aplastic anaemia. Overview:

Aplastic anaemia is an uncommon and deadly illness in which the bone marrow produces insufficient new blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). This causes symptoms like weariness, an increased risk of infection, and uncontrolled bleeding. It can be caused by a variety of reasons, including autoimmune illnesses, toxic chemical exposure, certain drugs, infections (such as viral hepatitis), and hereditary conditions.

Symptoms of Aplastic Anaemia:

• Fatigue or weakness
• Frequent infections (due to low white blood cells)
• Easy bruising or bleeding (due to low platelets)
• Shortness of breath
• Pale skin or mucous membranes
• Frequent nosebleeds or gum bleeding
• Dizziness or light-headedness

Causes of Aplastic Anaemia:

• Idiopathic: Often, the exact cause is unknown.
• Autoimmune diseases: When the bodily immune system attacks its own bone marrow.
• Exposure to chemicals: Such as benzene or certain pesticides.
• Medications: Some drugs like chemotherapy or antibiotics can cause aplastic anaemia.
• Viral infections: Hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, or HIV can damage bone marrow.
• Inherited conditions: Genetic disorders like Fanconi anaemia or Schwachman-Diamond syndrome.

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Diet Chart for Aplastic Anaemia:

A well-balanced and nutrient-dense diet can help the body recover and maintain general health while treating aplastic anaemia. The diet should include items that promote blood cell synthesis, offer necessary vitamins and minerals, and fortify the immune system.

Dietary goals:

• Iron-Rich Foods: Helps red blood cell formation.
• Vitamin B12 and Folate are required for the synthesis of red blood cells.
• Protein-rich foods help with general tissue healing and immunological function.
• Antioxidant-Rich Foods: To boost immunity and reduce inflammation.

Food List for Aplastic Anaemia:

Iron-Rich Foods:

1. Lentils (Masoor dal, Toor dal, Moong dal)
2. Spinach (Palak), Methi (Fenugreek leaves)
3. Tofu and Paneer (for vegetarians)
4. Beetroot (Chukandar)
5. Chickpeas (Chana), Black beans
6. Pumpkin seeds, Sesame seeds (Til)
7. Dates (Khajoor)

Vitamin B12-Rich Foods (for vegans/vegetarians, consider fortified foods or supplements):

1. Eggs
2. Dairy: Milk, yogurt, and cheese
3. Tofu (fortified), Tempeh
4. Fortified cereals

Folate (Vitamin B9)-Rich Foods:

1. Leafy greens: Spinach (Paalak), Methi (Fenugreek), Amaranth (Rajgira), Mustard greens
2. Legumes: Lentils, Chickpeas, Kidney beans
3. Beetroot
4. Citrus fruits: Oranges, lemons, guava, papaya
5. Avocados

Protein-Rich Foods:

1. Eggs
2. Paneer (Cottage cheese)
3. Lentils and legumes (Moong dal, Toor dal)
4. Nuts and seeds: Almonds, walnuts, chia seeds, flax seeds
5. Tofu

Vitamin C-Rich Foods (Important for iron absorption):

1. Oranges, Guava, Kiwi, Lemon, Papaya
2. Tomatoes, Bell peppers
3. Broccoli, Cauliflower

Other Nutrient-Dense Foods:

1. Almonds, Walnuts (Healthy fats)
2. Oats, Barley (High fibre)
3. Coconut water (Hydration, electrolytes)
4. Buttermilk (Probiotics for gut health)

For better iron absorption, mix iron-rich foods with vitamin C-rich foods. For example, combine oranges or guava with lentils or spinach.

• Avoid Tannins and Calcium with Iron: Avoid drinking tea or coffee immediately after meals as these can hinder iron absorption. Similarly, consuming too much calcium during meals can interfere with iron absorption.

• Eating small, frequent meals can increase nutrition absorption and reduce fatigue.

• Stay hydrated throughout the day for better health and energy levels.

Note: Because aplastic anaemia is a serious condition, you should consult with a healthcare expert or nutritionist to develop a diet plan tailored to your unique needs and treatment plans.

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Haemolytic anaemia

Haemolytic anaemia is a disorder in which the body destroys red blood cells (RBCs) quicker than it produces them. Haemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells) reduces the quantity of circulating red blood cells, causing anaemia. This can cause symptoms such as weariness, pallor, shortness of breath, and an elevated heart rate.

Types of Haemolytic Anaemia:

• Intrinsic Haemolytic Anaemia: Caused by defects within the red blood cells themselves, such as genetic disorders (e.g., sickle cell disease, thalassemia).
• Extrinsic Haemolytic Anaemia: Caused by external factors that damage red blood cells, like autoimmune diseases, infections, medications, or toxins.

Causes of Haemolytic Anaemia:

·         Autoimmune Disorder

 Autoimmune haemolytic anemia is one condition where the immune system targets its own red blood cells.

• Genetic Conditions

Inherited conditions such as hereditary spherocytosis, thalassemia, and sickle cell anaemia.

• Infections

Red blood cell destruction can result from some infections, such as viral infections or malaria.

• Medications

Certain medicines, such as antibiotics and anti-malarial treatments, can cause haemolysis.

• Toxins

Exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, like snake venom or pesticides.

• Mechanical Damage

Artificial cardiac valves can induce mechanical damage of red blood cells.

Diet Chart for Haemolytic Anaemia:

Diet plays an important role in managing haemolytic anaemia by improving red blood cell production, supporting overall health, and minimizing the impact of haemolysis. A well-balanced diet rich in iron, folate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C, and protein is essential.

Sickle cell anaemia

Symptoms of Sickle Cell Anaemia

Symptoms can vary in severity but generally include:

• Pain episodes (crises): Sudden and severe pain, often in the chest, abdomen, joints, and bones. These episodes occur when sickle cells block blood flow.
• Fatigue: Due to reduced oxygen supply to tissues and organs.
• Swelling of hands and feet: Resulting from blockage of blood flow.
• Frequent infections: As sickle cell anaemia can damage the spleen, which plays a key role in fighting infections.
• Delayed growth in children: Due to insufficient oxygen and nutrients being delivered to tissues.
• Vision problems: Caused by damage to the blood vessels in the eyes.
• Paleness or jaundice: Due to the destruction of red blood cells.

Causes of Sickle Cell Anaemia

Treatment for Sickle Cell Anaemia

While there is no universal cure for sickle cell anaemia, therapies and doctor suggested pills are designed to control symptoms, remove discomfort, avoid complications, and enhance quality of life.

Important nutritional considerations for sickle cell anaemia:

Iron Management: People with sickle cell anaemia SCA frequently have iron deficiency anaemia and may require iron-rich diets. However, if patients take iron supplements or blood transfusions, excess iron may accumulate, necessitating close monitoring.

Diet Chart for Sickle Cell Anaemia

A healthy diet is essential for people with sickle cell anaemia because it helps control symptoms, improves health, and prevents problems. The diet should be high in iron, folate, vitamins, and other minerals.

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Causes of Anaemia

A lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells causes anaemia, a disorder that impairs the body ability to carry oxygen. Its development is influenced by several factors, including:

Nutritional Deficiencies: Red blood cell synthesis is hampered by a shortage of vital nutrients such iron, vitamin B12, and folate. The most prevalent kind, iron deficiency anaemia, is frequently brought on by a poor diet, problems with malabsorption, or elevated iron requirements. Megaloblastic anaemia, which affects DNA synthesis and red blood cell development, can result from deficits in vitamin B12 and folate.

Blood Loss: Anaemia can result from significant blood loss brought on by heavy menstruation, internal bleeding (such as from ulcers or gastrointestinal diseases), surgery, or trauma.

Genetic Disorders: Chronic anaemia is caused by inherited diseases such as sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia, which alter the shape, lifetime, and function of red blood cells.

Pregnancy-Related Anaemia: As blood volume rises during pregnancy, the body needs more iron. Anaemia arises when iron intake is inadequate, which puts the mother and unborn child at danger.

Depending on the underlying reason, treating anaemia involves a correct diagnosis, dietary changes, and medication measures.

Red blood cell formation is hampered by nutritional deficiencies, which include a lack of vital minerals including iron, vitamin B12, and folate. Iron deficiency anaemia is the most prevalent kind and is frequently brought on by a poor diet, problems with malabsorption, or elevated iron requirements. Megaloblastic anaemia can result from deficits in vitamin B12 and folate, which impact the production of red blood cells and DNA.

Chronic Conditions: Cancer, inflammatory diseases (such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis), and chronic renal illness can all alter the synthesis of erythropoietin, decrease iron metabolism, or increase inflammation, which in turn affects the generation of red blood cells.

Symptoms of Anaemia

Anaemia lowers the blood ability to carry oxygen, resulting in a few symptoms that impact day-to-day functioning and general health. Typical indicators include:

Weakness and Fatigue: Persistent fatigue brought on by a decreased oxygen supply to muscles and tissues makes even easy tasks taxing.

Pale or Yellowish Skin: The cheeks, lips, inner eyelids, and nails are most affected by pallor, which is caused by a deficiency of red blood cells. Increased red blood cell breakdown can occasionally result in discoloration that resembles jaundice.

Breathing difficulties: Low haemoglobin levels hinder the transport of oxygen, which makes breathing challenging, particularly while exercising.

Light-headedness or dizziness: Dizziness, fainting episodes, and trouble balancing can all be symptoms of a reduced oxygen flow to the brain.

Cold Hands and Feet: Even in warm settings, poor circulation brought on by anaemia can result in consistently chilly extremities.

Irregular Heartbeat: An irregular heartbeat can cause palpitations, tachycardia, or arrhythmias as the heart must work harder to make up for low oxygen levels.

Headaches and Poor Concentration: Frequent headaches, memory problems, and trouble focusing can all be caused by the brain not getting enough oxygen.

Early detection of these symptoms of anaemia is important for prompt diagnosis and treatment, avoiding the problems that come with severe anaemia.

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Who is at Risk for Anaemia?

Certain groups are particularly sensitive to anaemia because of higher iron requirements, dietary limitations, or underlying health conditions:

Women: Iron loss is common during menstruation and pregnancy. Pregnancy increases blood volume, which need extra iron for foetal growth.

Young ones: - Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable because to their rapid development and increased iron requirements, especially if their diet is deficient in iron-rich foods.

Older Adults: Poor diet, poor absorption, and chronic conditions all raise the elderly risk of anaemia.

People with Chronic Conditions: Diseases such as renal disease, cancer, and autoimmune illnesses disrupt red blood cell synthesis and iron metabolism.

Anaemia and its complications can be avoided by addressing risk factors with a healthy diet, supplements, and medical attention.

How is Anaemia Diagnosed?

Numerous tests that evaluate iron levels, red blood cell counts, and underlying reasons are used to detect anaemia:

The primary test for anaemia is the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, which measures haemoglobin, haematocrit, and red blood cell count to assess its severity.

Iron Studies: These studies measure ferritin, transferrin, and serum iron levels to determine if there is an iron overload or deficiency, which aids in the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anaemia.

Tests for vitamin B12 and folate: These tests identify whether low levels of these vitamins are the reason of aberrant red blood cell formation since deficits in these vitamins can result in megaloblastic anaemia.

Bone Marrow Biopsy: A bone marrow biopsy is used to evaluate blood cell production and identify bone marrow abnormalities, leukaemia, or aplastic anaemia in situations of severe or unexplained anaemia.

Treatment and Management of Anaemia

Anaemia can often be managed at home with natural remedies and dietary changes to boost red blood cell production:

• Iron-Rich Foods: Include spinach, beetroot, pomegranate, dates, and legumes in your diet.
• Vitamin C Intake: Enhance iron absorption by consuming citrus fruits, tomatoes, and bell peppers.
• Healthy Protein Sources: Eggs, nuts, and dairy products support red blood cell formation.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of water to improve circulation and nutrient absorption.
• Regular Exercise: Gentle activities like walking or yoga can improve blood flow and oxygen levels.

For advanced care, visit Asarfi Hospital healthcare facilities at Dhanbad for expert guidance and treatment.

Preventing Anaemia: What You Can Do

Maintain a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamin B12, and folate. Eat leafy greens, nuts, and fruits while staying hydrated and active. Regular health check-ups help detect deficiencies early. Visit Asarfi Hospital healthcare facilities for expert consultation and personalized anaemia management. Book an appointment today!

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

When to See a doctor?

While mild anaemia can often be managed with home remedies, medical attention is necessary when:

• Symptoms persist despite dietary changes, indicating an underlying condition.
• Severe fatigue affects daily life, making routine tasks difficult.
• Unexplained weight loss and dizziness suggest deeper health concerns.
• A family history of anaemia or blood disorders increases the risk of inherited conditions.

Advanced Blood Disorder Treatment at Asarfi Hospital

Asarfi Hospital offers cutting-edge treatment for anaemia and other blood-related conditions. With advanced diagnostic tools and expert haematologists, the hospital specializes in managing:

• Iron-deficiency anaemia, vitamin B12 & folate deficiency
• Genetic blood disorders like sickle cell anaemia and thalassemia
• Aplastic anaemia and bone marrow-related diseases
• Blood clotting disorders and platelet abnormalities

For expert diagnosis and personalized treatment, visit Asarfi Hospital today and ensure better blood health!

Treatment: CONSULT OUR DOCTORS ONLINE

Conclusion

Although anaemia can affect general health, it can be efficiently managed with the correct diet and medical attention. Getting professional assistance is crucial if symptoms continue. For all blood-related disorders, Asarfi Hospital offers sophisticated therapy and professional diagnostics. To receive individualized care and improve your health, schedule an online consultation right now!