Overview: Breast cancer is a serious but treatable disease. Early detection and expert care improve survival. This guide covers symptoms, causes, and treatment options. Learn from world-class oncologists at Asarfi Cancer Institute, the best hospital for cancer care, and take charge of your health with the right knowledge and support.

Key Takeaways:

1. Early detection increases survival chances.
2. Symptoms like lumps or changes in the breast should not be ignored.
3. A healthy lifestyle can lower breast cancer risk.
4. Advanced treatments offer better recovery and hope.
5. Regular checkups at the best hospital improve outcomes.
6. Asarfi Cancer Institute provides expert care and support.

Introduction

Have you ever experienced an invisible lump in your arm pits (under arms), or on the breast, or sudden softness of breasts? Well, it might be a case of breast cancer, and you should consult the nearest cancer expert near you, or cancer treatment provider near you to get a confirmation on the negative or positive cancer test. This might save your or your loved ones life.

As per a study by World Cancer Research Fund, approximately 2.3 million new breast cancer cases were reported in 2022. A report from World Health Organisation also states that leading a healthy lifestyle, good diet, regular exercise and informed screening reduces the risk of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the worst medical incidents which can happen to someone. However, if diagnosed earlier, breast cancer is highly treatable.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in females in the world, but males are also susceptible to breast cancer. This happens when malformed cells in the breast begin to grow out of control, forming a lump or tumour. Types exist (involving invasive and non-invasive ones) and have different treatment modes.

Early diagnosis is importance to increase survival rates. Developments in regular self-screening, clinical examinations and mammograms have the potential to detect breast cancer in its earliest stages when it is most treatable. Symptom awareness (i.e., lumps, skin lesions, nipple discharge abnormalities) enables patients to present themselves promptly at a clinical consultation.

Experts highlight an integrated strategy for breast cancer care (e.g., correct diagnosis by using imaging tests and biopsies). Therapeutic approaches are influenced by the type of cancer and the stage it has reached, ranging from surgery to radiation to chemotherapy and hormone therapy and down to targeted therapies. Lifestyle decisions, including a healthy diet, exercise, and avoiding alcohol excesses, could mitigate risk.

Oncologists emphasize the significance of remaining well-informed getting frequent checkups and seeking help when necessary. Breast cancer is now more controllable than it was in the past because of the advances in medical research discoveries, early detection, and individualized therapy that improve outcomes significantly.

What is Breast Cancer?

Definition and Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer occurs when genetic mutations happen within the breast cells which causes the cells to divide uncontrollably. There is an abnormal accumulation of these cells which creates a mass or tumour. Malignant (cancerous) and benign (non-cancerous) tumours are the two types of tumours. Malignant tumours can infiltrate other tissues and bodily organs by spreading via the bloodstream and lymphatic system.

Invasive and non-invasive breast cancer are the two main types or groups that are separated according to growth and spread patterns. Carcinoma in situ is a kind of non-invasive breast cancer that does not spread. Breast cancer that is non-invasive does not spread outside of the breast ducts or lobules. As the name implies, invasive breast cancer can spread to other breast tissues, as well as to other organs or lymph nodes.

Lobular carcinoma Unlike ductal carcinoma, which spreads throughout the milk-producing glands and begins in the milk ducts, it accounts for 80% of all detected breast malignancies.

Other rare inflammatory types include triple-negative and breast lobules that are less common and need breast specific treatments.

How Does Breast Cancer Develop in the Body

Signs and Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Even though there are multiple signs and symptoms of breast cancer, it is advised that you must be vigilant for any such signs that might indicate breast cancer in your system. This is because some signs and symptoms of breast cancer do not appear until very late.

Breast cancer has many signs. Some signs show early, but others appear late. It is important to check your breasts regularly. If you notice any changes, see a doctor.

Common Symptoms:

• Lump in the breast or underarm:  

• Changes in breast size or shape: 

• Nipple discharge (other than breast milk): 

• Skin Changes: 

• Breast pain or tenderness: 

Less Common Symptoms:

• Swollen lymph nodes:

• Inverted nipple : 

• Unexplained weight loss or fatigue : 

Losing weight without trying or feeling very tired all the time can be signs of breast cancer.

Breast cancer signs can be different for each person. Some women feel pain, while others do not. Some changes may not be cancer, but it is always best to see a doctor. Early detection can save lives.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are multiple causes and risk factors for breast cancer. Some risks come from genetic history and others are related to lifestyle, hormones, or the environment. Being aware of these risks can be very helpful in early prevention and care.

Genetic Factors:

Family history of breast cancer

If someone in your family (grandmother, mother, sister) have a history of breast cancer, the chances of attaining a breast cancer are higher. The only reason for this to happen is that cancer is attainable genetically. However expert oncologists also mention that with proper lifestyle and right nutrition choices, there are a high chance of avoiding it.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are taken from the words BReast CAncer gene 1 and gene 2. Everyone inherits genes from both of their parents namely BRCA1 and BRCA2. These genes help protect against breast cancer.

These genes tend to mutate which cause them to function improperly. This increases the risk of breast cancer. An expert oncologist from the best hospitals near you can check for these mutations through genetic testing and confirm its results.

Hormonal & Lifestyle Factors:

Breast cancer risk increases due to hormones and the way we live. Some factors cannot be changed, but others can. Making healthy choices may lower the risk.

Age and gender (women at higher risk)

Women are more likely to get breast cancer than men. This is because their breast cells change more due to hormones. The risk also increases with age. Women over 50 are at higher risk than younger women.

Hormone replacement therapy

Hormone Replacement Therapy of HRT is generally taken by some woman to make the menopause symptoms comfortable. HRT contains oestrogen and progesterone. Long term exposure of these externally induced hormones can increase the risk of breast cancer. It is always suggested to talk about all the side effects and risks with your healthcare expert and doctors before going through the HRT sessions.

Obesity and poor diet

In general life as well, poor diet and sedentary habits are highly condemned. Moreover, like many other diseases, breast cancer risk is always high for someone who is overweight. Fat cells make extra oestrogen. High oestrogen levels can make breast cells grow too fast, leading to cancer. Eating unhealthy foods like processed meats, fried foods, and too much sugar can also increase the risk. A healthy diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help protect against breast cancer.

Alcohol consumption and smoking

Drinking alcohol often raises breast cancer risk. Alcohol changes hormone levels in the body, which can lead to cancer. Even small amounts can be harmful. Smoking is also dangerous. It has chemicals that damage cells, making cancer more likely. Women should try to limit alcohol and avoid smoking to reduce their risk.

Lack of physical activity

It is always advised to stay active to beat the risk of breast cancer. There are many activities such as stretching, performing outdoor exercises, yoga and aerobic exercises which help in controlling weight, balancing hormones, and boosting the immune system. Even if your job nature mostly involves sitting on a desk, you can use stairs instead of lifts, walk while calling and take intermittent breaks for a 2-3 minutes of corridor walks.

Walking, running, dancing, or any other physical activity can help lower this risk.

Age and gender are among the risk factors that are irreversible. But you can always control your lifestyle and bring positive changes to it to prevent breast cancer from happening. Eating healthy, staying active, avoiding alcohol and smoking, and being careful with HRT can reduce the chances of getting breast cancer. Small changes can make a big difference.

Environmental & Other Factors:

There are few external factors which can increase the risk of breast cancer. Let’s understand a couple of the common ones.

Radiation exposure

Radiation is energy that can damage cells. High levels of radiation can increase breast cancer risk. This can happen from radiation therapy used to treat other cancers. Frequent X-rays or CT scans may also add to the risk. However, normal medical scans use very low radiation and are usually safe.

History of other cancers

If someone has had some other form of cancer before, they may have a higher risk of getting breast cancer. Among woman, some types of cancers, like ovarian or thyroid cancer, are linked to breast cancer. This may be due to shared risk factors like genes or hormone levels.

Expert oncologists often suggest regular check-ups for women with a past cancer history.

While we cannot always avoid these risks, regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can help detect problems early and lower the chances of breast cancer.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?

Before providing possibly the best cancer treatment, a cancer specialist needs to understand the degree of damage a cancer has done in your body. There are multiple tests that your oncologist would do to confirm and diagnose if you have breast cancer. A successful detection might take more than a couple of tests to determine the presence of breast cancer successfully. Understanding the process of treatment might help you prepare yourself to cope with your fear and anxiety of the unknown.

Screening Tests

Breast Self-Exams and Clinical Exams

If you ever feel uneasiness in your breasts, you must first focus on detecting any unwanted presence of pain or lumps in and around the breast area including the under arms (armpit) and collar bone. Detection must also include visible size difference between both the breasts.

 A clinical exam is done by a doctor or nurse, who feels for lumps or unusual changes. These exams help women become familiar with their breasts and notice any problems early.

Mammograms

There are times when it is difficult for you to feel the presence of lumps in and around your breasts. If you are aware enough to take any tests, your oncologist would suggest you get a mammogram test. Mammograms are nothing but close-range low-dose-X-ray of your breasts. This test helps in finding out small, physically undetectable lumps. During the test, the breast is placed between two plates and pressed for a few seconds. This pressure may feel uncomfortable, but it helps get a clear image.

Diagnostic Tests

Ultrasound

If a lump is found, an ultrasound may be done. This test uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the breast. It helps doctors see if a lump is solid (which may be cancer) or filled with fluid (which is likely a cyst). The test is painless and does not use radiation.

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

An MRI gives very detailed pictures of the breast using strong magnets. It is often used for women with a high risk of breast cancer or when a mammogram does not give enough information. During the test, a woman lies inside a machine while images are taken. The machine is loud, but earplugs or headphones can help.

Biopsy

If a lump or abnormal tissue is found, a biopsy is needed. A biopsy removes a small sample of tissue to check for cancer cells under a microscope. There are different types:

Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA): A thin needle removes fluid or cells. It is quick and may cause mild discomfort.

Core Biopsy: A larger needle removes a small piece of tissue. A local anaesthetic is used to reduce pain.

Breast cancer tests may feel uncomfortable, but they help find cancer early. If something unusual is found, doctors will guide you through the next steps. Regular check-ups and early diagnosis can save lives.

Stages of Breast Cancer

Like any other cancer, breast cancer is divided into stages too. The stages are categorised according to the area and volume of cancer spread. Doctors use this to decide the best treatment.

Stage 0: Non-invasive cancer (DCIS)

Non-invasive stage or DCIS is the earliest stage. Cancer cells are inside the milk glands

Cancer cells are only inside the milk ducts and have not spread. This is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Even though it is not considered to be dangerous at this stage, however its treatment is necessary. If it goes untreated, there’ll be very high chances of it to grow into a fatal breast cancer.

Stage 1: Small tumour, limited spread

The small cellular changes which have gone untreated or undetected start to grow. At this stage, the tumour grows up to 2cm. The cancer may or may not have spread to a few lymph nodes. The cancer is still in the breast and has not moved to other parts of the body. If treated early, the chances of recovery are very high.

Stage 2: Larger tumour, possible lymph node involvement

If the breast cancer goes untreated, the tumour gets bigger and grows up to 5 cm at this stage. There are high chances of the cancer to spread to nearby lymph nodes however other organs are still safe from infection. Lymph nodes are small glands that help fight infections. When cancer spreads to them, it means the disease is growing. Treatment is very important at this stage to stop cancer from spreading further.

Stage 3: Locally advanced cancer

Now, it is time when cancer should be taken very seriously as it is going to destroy the body if left untreated from here. The tumour is larger than 5 cm, or it has spread to many lymph nodes. It may also affect nearby areas, such as the chest wall or skin. Sometimes, it causes swelling or skin changes. Treatment is more aggressive and includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.

Stage 4: Metastatic breast cancer (spread to other organs)

In this stage, cancer is fully grown and has taken your body into its custody. This is the most advanced stage. Cancer has spread its tentacles and started destructing other parts of the body as well like the bones, liver, lungs, or brain. It cannot be cured, but treatment can help control it for a long time. Doctors use medicines to slow down cancer and help patients live longer with fewer symptoms.

Why Early Detection is Important?

Breast cancer is also highly treatable when found early. The best possible way to understand any change in your breasts are regular self-examination. As mentioned earlier, it is always advised to check your breasts regularly. If you notice any lumps, pain in the breast or any kind of changes in your breast, you should see a doctor to confirm the wellbeing of your health.

Even if it is hard for you to visit any expert oncologists or a cancer institute nearby, you can consult our world class cancer doctors via online consultation from Asarfi cancer institute. Asarfi cancer institute is the best.

Treatment Options for Breast Cancer

Breast cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer and the patient’s health. Some treatments remove cancer, while others destroy cancer cells in the body. Doctors may use one treatment or a combination of treatments.

Surgery:

Surgery is one of the main treatments for breast cancer. It removes cancer from the breast. There are two main types of surgery:

Lumpectomy – The surgeon removes only the tumour and a small part of healthy tissue around it. The rest of the breast stays. This is also called breast-conserving surgery and is best for early-stage cancer.

Mastectomy – The surgeon removes the whole breast. In some cases, both breasts are removed to reduce the risk of cancer returning.

Some women choose breast reconstruction after a mastectomy. This surgery rebuilds the shape of the breast using implants or tissue from another part of the body. Reconstruction can be done immediately after the mastectomy or later.

Radiation Therapy:

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It is often used after surgery to destroy cancer cells that may remain.

How it works:

• A machine sends radiation beams to the breast or lymph nodes.
• It is given 5 days a week for several weeks.

Common side effects:

• Skin redness and peeling (like a sunburn).
• Swelling or pain in the breast.
• Feeling very tired.

Most side effects go away after treatment ends.

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy (chemo) uses strong drugs to kill cancer cells. It is given in cycles, with rest periods in between.

When it is needed

• If the tumour is large or fast-growing.
• If cancer has spread to lymph nodes.
• If there is a risk of cancer spreading to other organs.

Common side effects and recovery

• Hair loss.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Feeling weak and very tired.
• Higher risk of infections.

After chemo, the body takes time to recover. Hair usually grows back, and energy returns slowly.

Hormone Therapy:

Some breast cancers grow because of hormones like oestrogen and progesterone. Hormone therapy blocks these hormones to stop cancer from growing.

How it Works

·         Pills or injections stop oestrogen from feeding cancer cells.

·         It is given for 5 to 10 years to prevent cancer from coming back.

Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy:

These treatments attack cancer cells without harming healthy cells.

• Targeted therapy – Works on cancers with certain proteins, like HER2-positive breast cancer. These drugs stop the cancer from growing.
• Immunotherapy – Helps the immune system fight cancer naturally. It is used in some advanced breast cancers.

The best treatment depends on the cancer stage. Early detection makes treatment easier and more successful. Women should talk to their doctors about the best options for them.

When to See a Doctor?

There comes a stage in your life with cancer when not consulting a doctor can be fatal. Early screening of breast cancer makes the treatment much easier for the patient and the doctors. Breast cancer just like any other disease can be treated very successfully when detected during the early stages. Women should always focus on the changes in their body. Even the smallest changes can be a sign of something fatal. Hence it is always advised to do self-inspection probably every month and report to a specialist oncologist if something is unusual.

Unusual Breast Changes

Women should check their breasts regularly. If they notice changes in size, shape, or skin texture, they should see a doctor. Some warning signs include:

• A lump or thick area in the breast or underarm.
• Dimpling or puckering of the skin.
• Nipple changes, such as pulling inward or discharge (not breast milk).
• Redness, swelling, or rash on the breast.

These changes do not always mean cancer, but it is important to get them checked.

Persistent Pain or Lumps

Breast lumps can mean anything from benign to breast cancer. Even though it is tough to figure out which lump means what, the best way to ensure a good health is screening from the best cancer hospital new you. A doctor can do tests like a mammogram or ultrasound to find out more.

Pain in the lump or the breast can be temporary and might go away in a day or two as there might be various reasons for it like wrong sleeping posture, accidental stretch, old injuries, infections, cysts, poorly fitted bras along with cancer.

If the pain in the breast is persistent and doesn’t go away soon, it’s time to meet the doctor. A lump that keeps growing or feels hard and does not move easily is also a reason to see a doctor.

If Experiencing Any Warning Signs

Breast cancer treatment works best when found early. Women should not ignore signs like:

• One breast feeling different from the other.
• A sore that does not heal.
• Swollen lymph nodes under the arm.

If any of these signs appear, it is important to see a doctor immediately.

Connecting to Treatment Options

If breast cancer is found early, treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can work better. Knowing the signs and acting quickly can save lives. Regular check-ups and screenings help find cancer at an early stage when it is easier to treat.

How Can Breast Cancer Be Prevented?

Since there are multiple factors that trigger the cancerous cells in human body, there are ways to reduce the risk of getting breast cancer. Let’s understand in detail.

Lifestyle Tips

It is but a fact of life that healthy lifestyle choices have the potential to keep your body over all healthy. It doesn’t guarantee a disease-free life, but the risk of getting them is low. It’s the same with breast cancer as well. Simple daily habits can make a big difference.

Exercise should be a part of your daily routine. There are multiple options for doing physical activities properly nowadays like yoga, walking, swimming, stretching, gym, physical training, many forms of dancing and more. There are trainers, peers and groups that might help you perform any exercise properly, risk free while maintain a healthy lifestyle while making it a fun activity for you.

Being active also strengthens the immune system, which helps fight diseases.

Limiting Alcohol & Quitting Smoking

Alcohol and smoking are silent killers in general as well. Drinking alcohol raises oestrogen levels, which can increase breast cancer risk. It is always advised to limit the intake of alcohol, or it would be best if alcohol intake is entirely avoided. Smoking is linked to many cancers, including breast cancer. Quitting smoking improves overall health and lowers the risk of many serious diseases so quit it as soon as possible.

Regular Screenings & Self-Exams

Finding breast cancer early makes treatment easier and increases survival chances.

·         Breast Self-Exams
Women should check their breasts every month to notice any changes like lumps, pain, or nipple discharge. Knowing what their normal breast tissue feels like helps them identify problems early.

·         Mammograms & Medical Checkups
Mammograms are X-ray images of the breast that help detect cancer before symptoms appear. Women should follow these guidelines:

1.       Ages 40-49: Talk to a doctor about when to start screening.

2.       Ages 50 and above: Get a mammogram every 1-2 years.

3.       High-Risk Women: Those with a family history of breast cancer or genetic risk (such as BRCA mutation) may need earlier and more frequent screenings.

Preventive Medications & Surgery

While it is necessary to go for regular screenings in the best cancer hospital near you, check for the necessary changes in your breast if that’s not possible. It is always advised to consult the best oncologist or cancer expert or the best cancer institute nearby and make an informed decision if the time comes for surgical procedures or medications.

While breast cancer cannot always be prevented, women can reduce their risk by making healthy lifestyle choices, getting regular checkups, and discussing preventive treatments with their doctors if they have a high risk. Early detection is key, so women should stay aware of any changes in their breasts and seek medical help when needed.

Living with Breast Cancer: Support & Recovery

Like any other kind of chronic diseases, breast cancer too requires continuous and long-term care. Once it’s diagnosed positive, it changes life in many ways. It affects a persona emotionally, physically and mentally. All kind of support is required by the loved ones. With the right support, continuous education and awareness about cancer and the right nutrition and lifestyle choice women can manage the challenges and continue to live freely. Support from family, friends, and doctors is essential during and after treatment. 

Learning about the type, stage, and treatment options helps women feel more in control. Doctors can answer questions and provide helpful information. Talking to close family members, friends, or a therapist can help reduce stress. Writing in a journal or meditating can also bring peace of mind. Cancer treatment can feel overwhelming. Focusing on one step at a time can make the journey easier.

Life after treatment: survivorship and follow-up care

Completing breast cancer treatment is a major milestone. However, recovery does not end there. Survivors need to take care of their physical and emotional health and continue regular medical checkups. Follow-up care includes mammograms, blood tests, and physical exams to check for any signs of cancer returning. Some women may experience fatigue, pain, numbness, or menopause symptoms after treatment. Doctors can help manage these side effects.

Eating well, staying active, avoiding smoking, and limiting alcohol can improve overall health and reduce the risk of cancer coming back. Many survivors experience fear or anxiety after treatment. Staying connected with support groups, therapy, or engaging in hobbies can help them regain confidence and joy. Living with and beyond breast cancer can be challenging, but with the right support, women can lead happy and fulfilling lives. Emotional strength, medical care, and a healthy lifestyle play an important role in recovery. Survivors should focus on their physical and mental well-being and stay in touch with their doctors for ongoing care.

FAQs about Breast Cancer

Can men get breast cancer?

Answer - Yes, men can get breast cancer, and Asarfi Cancer Institute provides expert care for all patients.

Is breast cancer always hereditary?

Answer - No, most breast cancer cases are not hereditary, but Asarfi Cancer Institute offers genetic counselling for better risk assessment.

Does wearing a bra cause breast cancer?

Answer - No, wearing a bra does not cause breast cancer, and experts at Asarfi Cancer Institute can help clear common myths.

What are the survival rates of breast cancer?

Answer - Survival rates depend on the stage and treatment, and Asarfi Cancer Institute offers advanced therapies for better outcomes.

What if a lactating mother has breast cancer?

Answer - A lactating mother can continue breastfeeding from the healthy breast, and Asarfi Cancer Institute guides mothers through safe treatment options.

Will breast cancer affect existing pregnancy?

Answer - Breast cancer may need special care during pregnancy, and Asarfi Cancer Institute provides personalized treatment for expecting mothers.

What is the leading cause of breast cancer?

Answer - The exact cause is unknown, but risk factors include genes, age, and lifestyle, and Asarfi Cancer Institute helps with early detection and prevention.

Conclusion

Early detection saves lives. Regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle lower the risk. Experts at the best breast cancer hospital in Dhanbad stress the importance of awareness. Oncologists at the best cancer hospital advise staying informed and proactive. The best breast cancer hospital offers advanced care and support. If you need breast cancer treatment in Dhanbad, choose a trusted place. A leading breast cancer hospital in Jharkhand provides the best care. For expert help, visit a breast cancer hospital near me and take charge of your health today.